华南理工大学课

2006年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷课

（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）

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科目名称：英语综合水平测试kaoyantj

适用专业：英语语言文学  外国语言学及应用语言学济

 同济西苑

 西门

Part I. Vocabulary (20 marks)共济

Section One1号

Directions: In each of the following sentences, there is one word underlined, followed by three possible choices. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to this word. (10 marks)kaoyantj

1. The lecture given by the famous philosopher last night was not very erudite.同济

a. scholarly研

b. moderate网络督察

c. solemn西门

2. I read the preamble of his book and realized that it was a scholarly work.6554 8814

a. conclusion

6554 8814

b. introduction

655423 17

c. result655423 17

3. The title of this chapter is so equivocal.659 76674

a. equivalent共

b. ambiguous

c. lucid

4. His presentation is clear and incisive.

a. penetrating

b. diffuse

c. rudimentary

5. Whether we like it or not, meetings have become a ubiquitous part of everyday life for many professionals.

a. all-powerful

b. omnipresent

c. unique

6. He is a benevolent and wise old man.

a. charitable

b. likeable

c. genuine

7. He illuminates his point by reference to current life.

a. elucidates

b. entitles

c. complicates

8. Of the ten board members, only one dissented.

a. disagreed

b. banished

c. dissuaded

9. The dress is too ostentatious to wear to a reception.

a. miscellaneous

b. showy

c. delicate

10. The powers concerned could not reach an agreement on the fifth article of the protocol.

a. dissertation

b. draft

c. archetype

11. This is an orthodox linguistic theory.

a. essential

b. original

c. officially accepted

12. His opinions were quite pedantic.

a. scholastic

b. eccentric

c. lucrative

13. I concur with the speaker in condemning that what has been done.

a. deprive

b. agree

c. condescend

14. Little substantive progress was achieved during the first round of negotiations.

a. essential

b. efficient

c. subservient

15. Many species have been extirpated from those areas.

a. rejected

b. eradicated

c. disentangled

16. The right of the state to tax is generally conceded.

a. ignored

b. acknowledged

c. publicized

17. I could not fathom his meaning.

a. comprehend

b. foil

c. examine

18. I don’t like his writings, for he always writes in a very ponderous fashion.

a. depressed

b. dull

c. careless

19. He seemed to be oblivious of the danger while he was walking toward the shore.

a. conscious

b. aware

c. unaware of

20. Mr. Smith seldom expounds a theory directly in class.

a. restrains from

b. sets forth

c.criticized

 

 

Directions: In each of the following sentences, there is one underline word or phrase. Write down its Chinese equivalent in the answer sheet. (10 marks)

21.   For all we know, the dog may be able to tell other dogs that his parents were poor but honest, in a kind of canine idiom we cannot understand.

22.   The young man acted foolishly in spite of all his father’s exhortations.

23.   She takes the rough with the smooth.

24.   I passed the examination by learning everything by rote.

25.   It was clear from the telltale look in her eyes that she loved him.

26.   The unexpected news gave him a jolt.

27.   Can you substantiate your claim in a court of law?

28.   I haven’t a great deal of money in the bank, but if it came to the push I could lend you $100.

29.   We should revamp our whole method of production.

30.   In Britain, the right to make new law is vested in the representatives of the people.

31.   That race was just a walkaway for my horse.

32.   This is still orange juice.

33.   He passed his examination by a fluke; he knew very little about his subject.

34.   He is an old head on young shoulders.

35.   He showed a surprising nonchalance the first time he flew a plane.

36.   Her eyes dilated with terror.

37.   They are now accepting women as entrants to the Government service.

38.   He’s home on furlough.

39.   We are rather pinched for money these days.

40.   They were brought under the yoke of the king.

 

 

Part II. Reading Comprehension (50 marks)

 

Questions 41-45 are based on the following passage.

In 776 B. C, the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contests in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having poems sung about their deeds. Originally there were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place.

The Greeks attached so much importance to these games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads” dating from 776 B. C.

41.   Which of the following is not true?

a.    Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads.

b.    The games were held in Greece every four years.

c.    Battles were interrupted to participate in the games.

d.    Poems glorified the winners in song.

42.   Why were the Olympic Games held?

a.    to stop wars

b.    to honor Zeus

c.    to crown the best athletes

d.    to sing songs about the athletes

43.   Approximately how many years ago did these games originate?

a.    776 years

b.    2,277 years

c.    1,205 years

d.    2,760 years

44.   Which of the following contest was not mentioned?

a.    discuss throwing

b.    boxing

c.    skating

d.    running

45.   What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?

a.    They liked to fight.

b.    They were very athletic.

c.    They liked ceremonies a lot.

d.    They couldn’t count, so they used “Olympiads” for dates.

 

Questions 46-48 are based on the following passage.

Tampa, Florida, owes a great deal of its growth and prosperity to a Cuban cigar manufacturer named Vicente Martinez Ybor. When the Cuban Revolution broke out in 1869, he was forced to flee his country and moved his business to south Florida. Sixteen years later, serious problems caused him to seek a better location along the west coast of the state. His original land purchase of sixteen blocks expanded to more than one hundred acres near Tampa. This newly developed area was called Ybor City in his honor. With the demand for factory workers for Ybor’s business, the surrounding areas expanded and thrived.

46.   Where is Ybor City located?

a.    south Florida

b.    Cuba

c.    west Florida

d.    in the Florida countryside

47.   In what year was Ybor forced to leave south Florida?

a.    1854

b.    1869

c.    1885

d.    1895

48.   Why will people probably continue to remember Ybor’s name?

a.    He suffered a great deal.

b.    An area was named in his honor.

c.    He was a Cuban revolutionary.

d.    He was forced to flee his homeland.

 

Questions 49-52 are based on the following passage.

Lichens are a unique group of complex, flowerless plants growing on rocks and trees. There are thousands of kinds of lichens, which come in a wide variety of colors. They are composed of algae and fungi which unite to satisfy the needs of the lichens.

The autotrophic green algae produce all their own food through a process called photosynthesis and provide the lichen with nutritional elements. On the other hand, the heterotrophic fungus, which depends on other elements to provide its food, not only absorbs and stores water for the plant, but also helps protect it. This union by which two dissimilar organisms live together is called “symbiosis.”

This sharing enables lichens to resist the most adverse environmental conditions found on earth. They can be found in some very unlikely places such as the polar ice caps as well as in tropical zones, in dry areas as well as in wet ones, on mountain peaks and along coastal areas.

The lichen’s strong resistance to its hostile environment and its ability to live in harmony with such environments is one example that humanity should consider in trying solve its own problems.

49.   Which of the following it not true?

a. Lichens are not simple plants.

b. The lichen habitat is limited to the polar ice caps.

c. Lichens can resist a hostile environment.

d. Heterotrophic plants depend on other elements to supply their food.

50.   What can be said about autotrophic plants and heterotrophic plants?

a. They produce their food in the same manner.

b. Heterotrophic plants produce all their own food.

c. Autotrophic plants need other elements to supply their food.

d. Their methods of food production are completely different.

51.   Which of the following conclusions could be made about lichens?

a. They are found worldwide and are complex plants made up of algae and fungi.

b. They are found worldwide and are simple plants, symbiotic in nature.

c. They are found worldwide and are compound plants made up entirely of algae.

d. Although found worldwide, lichens are found mostly as a simple plant form in the tropics.

52.   Which of the following directly relates to algae?

a. It offers protection to lichens.

b. It supplies water for lichens.

c. It supplies its own food.

d. It is dependent on other plants for its food supply.

 

Questions 53-59 are based on the following passage.

Napoleon Bonaparte’s ambition to control all the area around the Mediterranean Sea led him and his French solders to Egypt. After losing a naval battle, they were forced to remain there for three years. In 1799, while constructing a fort, a soldier discovered a piece pf stele (stone pillar bearing an inscription) known as the Rosetta stone. This famous stone, which would eventually lead to the deciphering of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics dating to 3100 B. C., was written in three languages: hieroglyphics (picture writing), demotic (a shorthand version of hieroglyphics), and Greek. Scientists discovered that the characters, unlike those in English, could be written from right to left and in other directions as well.

Twenty-three years after discovery of the Rosetta stone, Jean Francois Champollion, a French philologist, fluent in several languages, was able to decipher the first word – Ptolemy – name of an Egyptian ruler. This name was written inside an oval called a “cartouche.” Further investigation revealed that cartouches contained names of important people of that period. Champollion painstakingly continued his search and was able to increase his growing list of known phonetic signs. He and an Englishman, Thomas Young, worked independently of each other to unravel the deeply hidden mysteries of this strange language. Young believed that sound values could be assigned to the symbols, while Champollion insisted that the pictures represented words.

53.   How many years elapsed between the date of the oldest hieroglyphics deciphered by means of the Rosetta stone and the stone’s discovery?

a. 1,301

b. 1,799

c. 3,100

d. 4,899

54.   Which of the following languages was not written on the Rosetta stone?

a. French

b. demotic

c. Greek

d. hieroglyphics

55.   Which of the following statements is not true?

a. Cartouches contained names of prominent people of the period.

b. Champollion and Young worked together in an attempt to decipher the hieroglyphics.

c. One of the Napoleon’s soldiers discovered the Rosetta stone.

d. Thomas Young believed that sound values could be assigned to the symbols.

56.   When was the first word from the Rosetta stone deciphered?

a. 3100 B.C.

b. 1766

c. 1799

d. 1822

57.   What was the first word that was deciphered from the Rosetta stone?

a. cartouche

b. Ptolemy

c. demotic

d. Champollion

58.   Why were Napoleon’s solders in Egypt in 1799?

a. They were celebrating a naval victory.

b. They were looking for the Rosetta stone.

c. They were waiting to continue their campaign.

d. They were trying to decipher the hieroglyphics.

59.   Who was responsible for deciphering the first word?

a. Champollion

b. Young

c. Ptolemy

d. Napoleon

 

Questions 60-65 are based on the following passage.

Sequoyah was a young Cherokee Indian, son of a white trader and an Indian squaw. At an early age, he became fascinated by “the talking leaf,” an expression that he used to describe the white man’s written records. Although many believed this “talking leaf” to be a gift from the Great Spirit, Sequoyah refused to accept that theory. Like other Indians of the period, he was illiterate, but his determination to remedy the situation led to the invention of a unique 86-character alphabet based on the sound patterns that he heard.

His family and friends thought him mad, but while recuperating from a hunting accident, he diligently and independently set out to create a form of communication for his own people as well as for other Indians. 1821, after twelve years of work, he had successfully developed a written language that would enable thousands of Indians to read and write.

Sequoyah’s desire to preserve words and events for later generations has caused him to be remembered among the important inventors. The giant redwood trees of California, called “sequoias” in his honor, will further imprint his name in history.

60.   What is the most important reason that Sequoyah will be remembered?

a. California redwoods were named in his honor.

b. He was illiterate.

c. He created a unique alphabet.

d. He recovered from his madness and helped mankind.

61.   How did Sequoyah’s family react to his idea of developing his own “talking leaf”?

a. They arranged for his hunting accident.

b. They thought he was crazy.

c. They decided to help him.

d. They asked him to teach them to read and write.

62.   What prompted Sequoyah to develop his alphabet?

a. People were writing things about him that he couldn’t read.

b. He wanted to become famous.

c. After his hunting accident, he needed something to keep him busy.

d. He wanted the history of his people preserved for future generations.

63.   The word illiterate means most nearly

a. fierce

b. poor

c. abandoned

d. unable to read or write

64.   How would you describe Sequoyah?

a. determined

b. mad

c. backwards

d. meek

65.   Which of the following is not true?

a. Sequoyah developed a form of writing with the help of the Cherokee tribe.

b. Sequoyah was a very observant young man.

c. Sequoyah spent twelve years developing his alphabet.

d. Sequoyah was honored by having some trees named after him.

 

 

Part III. Critical Reading (30 marks)

 

(1) As a communications specialist, I teach my students to become more aware of interpersonal communication such as symbolic behavior, use of words, and nonverbal mannerisms. My goal is to ignite symbols in their minds so we can come to a point of agreement on language. I immensely enjoy the work because life is becoming more this way— persuade people to accept your point of view. We are both communicating and persuadable animals. It’s not unethical and I train my students in an ethical manner.

(2) Many of my peers have left academia and taken up positions in business. They tend to become human resources officers. Happiness in job behavior is directly related to profits. If you get your employees to trust you, then you will increase your profits. This is why professionals in my field are so highly valued. Many famous psychologists reach over into communications and many study my field so they can learn more about interpersonal relationships. Whether it’s John Miller at the office or Bill Clinton attending a political fundraiser, communications is important in everything we do.

(3) The majority of our research centers around conflict communication. There is definitely a strong desire to learn the proper steps to be taken to maintain a cool, rational process. I believe the increase in interest in communications can be traced to the Cuban missile crisis. Our research has made great strides in a relatively short period of time. We now know that it sometimes truly is more effective to have a spokesperson with a robotic, or monotonous tone. This type of spokesperson is often most effective in crisis situations because their relative lack of emotion can signal that heads are remaining cool and problems are being dealt with effectively. This was illustrated wonderfully by the U.S. military spokespeople during the first Persian Gulf war.

(4) While we have studied military communications, we have most of our work in the area of business communications. We now regularly consult companies on how to conduct job interviews. We have learned that most interviewers make up their minds about a job candidate within the first 5 minutes of the interview. We have also discovered why this is and we will tell companies what is productive and counterproductive about these interviews and hiring managers. We also conduct work on how to handle other business issues such as earnings releases and product recalls.

 

Questions:

66. In Para. (2) the speaker tells us that “many famous psychologists reach over into communications and many study my field so they can learn more about interpersonal relationships”, what point does the speaker intend to make by stating the fact?

67. In Para. (3), the speaker tells us that the majority of their research centers around “conflict communication”, what exactly does he mean? Explain what is meant by “conflict communication”.

68. What does the speaker mean by saying that “it is sometimes more effective to have a spokesperson with a robotic or monotonous tone” (Para.3)? What kind of situation does the speaker imply?

69. Summarize the specific areas a communications specialist may be interested in according to what the speaker says.

70. What kind of tone does the speaker assume in this interview as a whole?

 

Passage Two

 

(1)  The other day an acquaintance of mine, a sociable and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly alone in New York for an hour or two between appointments. He went to the Whitney and spent the “empty” time looking at things in solitary bliss. For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone.

(2)  What had he been afraid of, I asked myself? That, suddenly alone, he would discover that he bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet? But having taken the plunge, he is now on the brink of adventure; he is about to be launched into his own inner space, space as immense, unexplored, and sometimes frightening as outer space to the astronaut. His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem startlingly original. For anyone who can see things for himself with a naked eye becomes, for a moment or two, something of a genius. With another human being present vision becomes double vision, inevitably. We are busy wondering, what does my companion see or think of this, and what do I think of it? The original impact gets lost, or diffused.

(3)  “Music I heard with you was more than music.” Exactly. And therefore music itself can only be heard alone. Solitude is the salt of personhood. It brings out the authentic flavor of every experience.

(4)  “Alone one is never lonely: the spirit adventures, walking/In a quiet garden, in a cool house, abiding single there.”

(5)  Loneliness is most acutely felt with other people, for with others, even with a lover sometimes, we suffer from our differences of taste, temperament, mood. Human intercourse often demands that we soften the edge of perception, or withdraw at the very instant of personal truth for fear of hurting, or of being inappropriately present, which is to say naked, in a social situation. Alone we can afford to be wholly whatever we are, and to feel whatever we feel absolutely. That is a great luxury!

(6)  For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, lie down in the afternoon for a long think (why does one think better in a horizontal position?), read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness.

(7)  I am lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.

(8)  Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants, perhaps, and looking again at each one as though it were a person, by feeding the two cats, by cooking a meal.

(9)  It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in mountains at the end of the field, but the moment comes when the world falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious; bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood, when I can converse again with my hidden powers, and so grow, and so be renewed, till death do us part.

 

 

Questions:

71. What does Sarton mean when she says: “anyone who can see things for himself with a naked eye becomes, for a moment or two, something of a genius.”(Para.2)

72. Interpret the sentence “Music I heard with you was more than music.” What does it imply?

73. Does Sarton sometimes feel lonely? If so, how does she overcome her loneliness?

74. Drawing on Sarton’s essay, explain the distinction between being “alone” and “being lonely”.

75. Which phrase in the last paragraph connects the ending of the essay with its first paragraph?